The Refugees Proclamation recognizes refugees’ access to health care under Article 25 and accords them the same treatment as nationals. Even though the Health Sector Transformation Plan (HSTP II) 2020/21-2024/25 does not mention refugees by name, this policy document is important in analyzing the refugees right to health care in Ethiopia, as they have the same treatment as national for the purpose of access to health care. RRS acts both as a coordinator and the main implementing partner for primary health care services in refugee camps, which are fully funded by UNHCR. In the out of camp context, it is the MoH and regional health bureaus that are mandated to oversee health care system. Regional healthcare laws stipulate that the legislation aim at improving the quality of health services delivered to the public. This formulation could be construed to include refugees in the out-of-camp setting.

Primary Health care units (PHCUs (17,550 health posts and 3,735 health centers) are the main source of primary care services, especially for rural communities in Ethiopia. The Health Extension Program, or HEP, provides a package of 18 primary care packages for family health, health promotion and disease prevention, hygiene, and environmental sanitation. Findings from the 2019 national HEP assessment suggest that the program has contributed to improvements in health indicators, especially family health. HEP has helped to reduce maternal and child mortality by increasing service utilization among mothers.