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To fulfil this right, States are required to take a range of measures, including but not limited to: 1) ensuring maternal, child, and reproductive health, 2) promoting healthy natural and workplace environments, 3) preventing, treating, and controlling diseases, and 4) providing access to health facilities, goods and services. The right encompasses access to a wide variety of facilities, goods, services and conditions necessary for achieving the highest attainable standard of health. It is not to be understood as a \u2018right to be healthy\u2019, nor does it impose an obligation on States to eradicate all diseases or infirmity.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EImportantly, the right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health goes beyond access to timely and appropriate health care. It also includes the \u201cunderlying determinants of health\u201d (UNCESR, General Comment 14 (2000)). These factors and conditions which protect and promote the right include: 1) safe drinking water and adequate sanitation, 2) safe food and adequate nutrition, 3) adequate housing, 4) healthy working and environmental conditions, 5) access to health-related education and information, and 6) participation of the population in health-related decision making. In addition, the right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health, in all its forms and at all levels, is underpinned by four essential and interrelated elements: availability, accessibility, quality, and acceptability.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThe right to the highest attainable standard of health is subject to progressive realisation, recognising that States may face resource limitations. However, there is a strong presumption against retrogressive measures, such as the repeal of legislation to promote the right or the adoption of legislation inconsistent with international obligations in relation to the right . The progressive realisation of the right to the highest attainable standard of health over a period of time should not be interpreted as depriving States parties\u2019 obligations of all meaningful content. States have immediate obligations to (1) guarantee non-discriminatory access to health services, (2) take concrete immediate steps towards full realisation of the right, and (3) ensure core minimum levels of the right, which are non-derogable (UNCESR, General Comment 14 (2000)). In times of armed conflict, international humanitarian law (IHL) provides rules to protect access to health care. These rules bind States and non-State armed groups.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EForced displacement undermines the social, community and family networks that protect individuals and foster their mental health or psychosocial well-being (see section on family life). It often leads to the deterioration of key determinants of health, such as food, housing, or sanitation, and a loss of access to medical services and essential medicines. Barriers to access may include physical inaccessibility, linguistic, financial or cultural barriers, bureaucratic obstacles, or overburdened health systems. Displacement tends to exacerbate pre-existing health conditions but also exposes individuals to new health risks arising from deprivation, injuries, trauma, and physical or sexual violence.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EAlthough the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons do not explicitly guarantee the right to the highest attainable standard of health, Article 23 in both conventions obliges Contracting States to provide refugees and stateless persons lawfully staying in their country with the same treatment as nationals with respect to \u201cpublic relief and assistance\u201d \u2013 a provision generally understood to include health care.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThe Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement reaffirm the right to the highest attainable standard of health. Principle 18 states that, at a minimum, IDPs must be provided with essential medical services (see also the Kampala Convention, Article 9). Access to essential medical services, along with other basic necessities, enables IDPs to fulfil their right to an adequate standard of living \u2013 an essential element in the context of durable solutions (see IASC Framework on Durable Solutions). Principle 19 requires States to ensure that wounded and sick IDPs, as well as those with disabilities, receive medical care without discrimination. Services for mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) should also be accessible to IDPs. Special attention must be given to women\u0027s health and the prevention of communicable diseases.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPrimary healthcare\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EPrimary healthcare aims at achieving the highest possible level of health and well-being, with equitable access and outcomes, for the whole population. It emphasises addressing people\u2019s needs as early as possible \u2013 ranging from health promotion and disease prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care \u2013 delivered as close as feasible to people\u2019s everyday environments. Primary health care includes: basic preventive, curative, rehabilitative services, and health education; regular screening programmes; appropriate treatment of prevalent diseases, illnesses, injuries and disabilities, preferably at community level; provision of essential medicines; adequate mental health care and psychosocial support.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESecondary and tertiary healthcare\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ESecondary healthcare refers to more specialized medical services typically accessed through a referral from primary health care providers. It encompasses more advanced diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical procedures delivered in hospital or specialist settings. These services include specialist consultations, acute hospital care, specialized outpatient care, and treatment for more complex or chronic health conditions. Tertiary healthcare refers to the highest level of specialized medical care, provided in advanced hospital settings or specialized medical centers.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESexual and reproductive health\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ESexual and reproductive health refers to the state of physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being in all matters relating to sexuality and reproduction. It involves the ability to have a safe and satisfying sex life, the capability to reproduce, and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so. This includes access to comprehensive information, education, (primary and secondary) goods and services related to contraception, pregnancy, childbirth, sexually transmitted infections including HIV, and fertility. It also includes access to health and mental health services for survivors of gender-based violence, including clinical management of rape. Sexual and reproductive health is a core component of the right to the highest attainable standard of health and is grounded in principles of non-discrimination, availability, accessibility, acceptability, quality, informed decision-making, privacy, confidentiality, accountability, and participation.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMental health\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EMental health is an essential part of the right to the highest attainable standard of health. Mental disorders are defined as clinically significant disturbances in an individual\u2019s cognition, emotional regulation, or behaviour that reflect a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. This includes disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviours. Mental health services usually include care\u0026nbsp; treatment for people who are dependent upon narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, but in some countries this forms separate part of the health and social care system.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","dialogOptions":{"dialogClass":"general-guidance-popup","width":"50%","modal":true,"title":"General guidance related to this right category","classes":{"ui-dialog":"general-guidance-popup"}}}]