According to Article 13 of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, the state language is Kyrgyz, and Russian is used as the official language. Article 46 of the Constitution establishes the obligation of the state to create conditions for teaching each citizen the state, official and one of the foreign languages, starting from preschool education institutions to secondary general education. 

The Constitutional Law on the State Language of July 17, 2023 №140 (Article 4, Article 17) establishes the mandatory use of the Kyrgyz language in the education system as the main language of instruction, upbringing and professional development. 

In educational institutions where instruction is conducted in Russian or other languages, the teaching and study of the Kyrgyz language is provided for throughout the entire period of study. In general education organizations (schools, lyceums, gymnasiums), transfer (from class to class) and final exams in the Kyrgyz language are mandatory, and in primary, secondary and higher vocational education organizations, entrance and final exams in the Kyrgyz language are mandatory (Constitutional Law on the State Language of July 17, 2023 №140, Article 17). 

In specialized schools teaching children with hearing impairments, the use of Russian sign language for educational purposes is permitted. 

Thus, according to the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic, education in educational institutions is primarily carried out in the state language (Kyrgyz) or the official language (Russian). At the same time, in accordance with Article 17 of the Constitutional Law of the Kyrgyz Republic, the possibility of conducting the educational process in other languages ​​is provided. However, at the moment there is no legal basis regulating the possibility of educating refugees in their native languages. State educational programs do not provide for the competence to implement such education. It should be noted that according to the Ministry of Education of the Kyrgyz Republic as of September 2, 2024, there are 2,377 schools in the country, of which 2,173 are public and 204 are private. Instruction in schools is provided in five languages: Kyrgyz, Russian, Uzbek, English and Tajik. Distribution of schools by language of instruction: 

In one language: 

-in Kyrgyz - 1,368 schools, 

-in Russian - 274 schools, 

-in Uzbek - 18 schools, 

-in English - 5 schools, 

-in Tajik - 3 schools. 

In several languages, 709 schools provide instruction in two or more languages, of which: in Kyrgyz and Russian - 548 schools. 

Statistics by city: 

-In Bishkek: 

Of 121 schools: instruction in Kyrgyz is provided in 16 schools, in Russian - in 20 schools,in mixed languages ​​- in 85 schools. 

In Osh: 

After the administrative-territorial reform, there are 71 schools in the city, of which: 

instruction in Kyrgyz is provided in 10 schools, in Russian - in 1 school, in Kyrgyz and Russian - in 32 schools, in Kyrgyz, Russian and Uzbek - in 28 schools (https://edu.gov.kg/posts/3386/). 

Moreover, in order to implement the Law "On Education" (Article 4) of August 11, 2023 №179, the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic dated August 27, 2024 № 519 approved the Model Regulation on General Education Organizations of the Kyrgyz Republic, which enshrines the principles of equal access to education for all children, regardless of gender, nationality, language, social status or other circumstances. Children are admitted to schools through electronic registration, and priority enrollment is granted to children living in the territory assigned to a specific educational organization. The age of admission to the 1st grade is usually 6-7 years, but children from 5.5 years old are allowed to be admitted if they are socially and psychologically ready. At the same time, certification or testing of children upon admission to the first grade in educational organizations is prohibited; it follows from the requirements of the Model Regulation that knowledge of the state or official language is not a mandatory condition for admission. This is also reflected in paragraph 26 of this Model Regulation, that upon admission to general education organizations, restrictions on gender, nationality, language, social and property status, health limitations, religion and religious beliefs are not allowed. However, the transfer of students from class to class, conducting midterm (transition exams) and final certification of students is carried out by the general education organization in the manner determined by the authorized body. 

Additionally, the Model Regulation establishes that state educational institutions can provide additional educational programs and services, including the study of languages ​​beyond the basic curricula. However, the provision of such services is possible only on a paid basis, in accordance with an agreement between parents (legal representatives) and the school, as established by the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic (Model Regulation, paragraph 44). Thus, the state does not provide free additional education for asylum seekers and refugees who do not speak the state and/or official language, which makes their integration into the educational system dependent on their own financial capabilities. 

The laws of the Kyrgyz Republic provide primarily for education in the state (Kyrgyz) and official (Russian) languages. The state does not provide the right to education in the native languages ​​of refugees, which may hinder their access to educational opportunities in primary and secondary schools. However, it is worth noting that learning the state and official language as a compulsory element of school education contributes to social integration. Asylum seekers and refugees who do not speak the languages ​​of instruction can only use paid educational services to learn the language. This creates significant barriers to access to education if asylum seekers and refugees do not have sufficient financial resources.