Luxembourg is a landlocked country situated in Western Europe, bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its geographic location places it within the European Union, subject to EU-wide policies and regulations concerning migration and asylum. Asylum applications may be lodged upon entry into Luxembourg territory or at designated reception centres. Applicants undergo admissibility and eligibility assessments, which include interviews to establish the well-foundedness of protection claims. During the examination period, provisional documents allow freedom of movement and temporary access to housing and essential services. Negative determinations may be appealed before administrative tribunals, ensuring due-process guarantees are upheld. In response to exceptional migratory pressures following the 2015 European arrival surge, Luxembourg implemented an emergency reception plan that expanded reception capacity and clarified procedural timelines.

Refugee and asylum-seeker populations in Luxembourg comprise individuals originating from diverse regions, including the Middle East, the Horn of Africa and South Asia, as well as those displaced within Europe. Many applicants arrive following journeys through neighbouring States, reflecting the country’s role within secondary movement patterns. Recognized refugees and those under subsidiary protection reside predominantly in urban and suburban areas—notably in Luxembourg City, Esch-sur-Alzette and Pétange—where they secure accommodation through community-based arrangements or designated reception facilities