Kenya's legal framework governing refugees is primarily outlined in the Refugees Act, 2021, which establishes the rights and obligations of refugees within its borders. The Act introduces progressive measures aimed at enhancing refugee self-reliance and integration, aligning with international refugee protection standards. However, it maintains certain restrictions on the freedom of movement for refugees, requiring them to reside in designated refugee camps unless granted an exemption.

Under the Act, refugees seeking to reside outside designated camps must apply for an exemption permit, which is assessed on a case-by-case basis by an Exemption Panel. The panel evaluates applications based on specific eligibility criteria, which include:

1. Business or Employment Opportunities – Refugees engaged in formal employment or operating businesses that require their presence outside the camps.
2. Family Reunification – Refugees seeking to reunite with immediate family members residing outside the camps.
3. Health Reasons – Refugees requiring specialized medical treatment that is unavailable within the camps.
4. Education – Refugees pursuing higher education or vocational training in institutions located outside the designated refugee areas.

The Exemption Panel convenes periodically to review applications and determines whether an applicant meets the stipulated conditions for exemption. If approved, the refugee is permitted to reside outside the camp under specific terms and conditions.