Last Change:
06/16/2025
The Law of Kyrgyz Republic On Education
Original names of the law: Кыргыз Республикасынын "Билим берүү жөнүндө" Мыйзамы
Year: 2023
Type: Domestic law
Rights Category: Education
Description
The Law of the Kyrgyz Republic No. 179, "On Education," dated August 11, 2023, establishes the fundamental principles of state education policy and the legal, socio-economic, and organizational framework for educational activities in the Kyrgyz Republic. Its core objective is to guarantee the right to quality education, foster comprehensive personal development rooted in universal and national values, and empower individuals to become contributing members of society and competitive in the labor market through vocational freedom.
Selected provisions
1. Everyone in the Kyrgyz Republic has the right to education regardless of gender, race, language, disability, ethnicity, religion, age, political or other beliefs, property or other status, as well as other circumstances. 2. Foreign citizens and stateless persons in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic receive education in accordance with the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic.
The state guarantees the implementation, protection and defence of the right of citizens to education by: 1) creating an education system that meets the interests of the individual, society and the state, aimed at achieving quality education for everyone; 2) creating conditions for the implementation of the right of citizens to receive free pre-school, primary, basic and secondary general education, as well as primary vocational education within the framework of state educational standards; 3) creating conditions for everyone's access to secondary and higher vocational, as well as postgraduate vocational education; 4) creating equal opportunities, inclusive education and the inadmissibility of any manifestations of discrimination in obtaining education; 5) creating equal conditions for the development of various forms of education and types of educational organizations; 6) creating conditions for effective interaction between the state, local communities, participants in the educational process and civil society in matters of forming and implementing state policy in the field of education; 7) effective and targeted use of budgetary funds allocated for education; 8) creating conditions for the publication of textbooks, including textbooks published in Braille, teaching aids and methodological manuals (educational and methodological complexes and educational and didactic materials).
1. Education is a priority strategic direction of the state policy of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2. State policy in the field of education is formed taking into account the rights and interests of citizens through the adoption of laws and regulatory legal acts, approval of national programs. 3. Education in the Kyrgyz Republic is based on the principles of democracy and humanistic values of the people, world culture. 4. The main principles of the organization of education are: 1) equal rights of everyone to receive a quality education; 2) accessibility and quality of educational services provided by the education system for sustainable development; 3) creation of an education system that enables each student to be a useful member of society, to contribute to the development of a democratic and secular society, the development of which is based on scientific knowledge, mutual understanding, tolerance and peace between members of society; 4) mandatory receipt of primary, basic and secondary general education by everyone; 5) continuity and continuity of education; 6) free pre-school, primary, basic and secondary general education, basic vocational education in state and municipal educational organizations; 7) humanistic nature of education aimed at forming in students a scientific understanding of the world and a harmonious system of universal and national values; 8) secular nature of training, development and education in educational organizations; 9) independence of education from political and religious institutions; 10) unity, consistency and continuity of educational and upbringing processes; 11) increasing the responsibility and role of parents (legal representatives) of students; 12) diversity of educational organizations by types, kinds and forms of training, education, areas of activity and programs, forms of ownership; 13) development of digitalization of education to ensure transparency and accessibility of educational resources for all students, for integration with other information systems of the country, the use of new educational technologies, integration into the international educational space; 14) creation of an effective system for ensuring the quality of education at all levels; 15) achievement by graduates of educational organizations of expected learning outcomes aimed at the formation and acquisition of modern skills and competencies; 16) focus on the achievements of domestic, world science and advanced international experience; 17) academic freedom and academic honesty of educational organizations; 18) raising the status of a teaching staff, creating conditions for the growth of his professional level, developing professional associations of teaching staff; 19) development of export of educational services; 20) development of social partnership of an educational organization with all interested parties; 21) attraction, motivation and coordination of efforts of all interested parties in the development of the education system; 22) autonomy of educational organizations; 23) equal conditions for all educational organizations regardless of their form of ownership, inadmissibility of restricting competition in the field of education; 24) integrity of education, ensuring continuity and complementarity of all its levels; 25) achievement of quality education in accordance with the best international standards.
1. Language policy in educational institutions is implemented in accordance with the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic and the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic.
2. The state creates conditions for teaching each citizen the state, official and one foreign language at all levels of education.
3. Educational services may be provided in a foreign language in compliance with the principle of multilingual education.
4. In accordance with international treaties that have entered into force in accordance with the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic, the state facilitates the acquisition of education in the state language of the Kyrgyz Republic by ethnic Kyrgyz living outside the Kyrgyz Republic. Representatives of all ethnic groups living in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic are guaranteed the right to create conditions for the study and development of their native language.
1. The education quality assurance system includes a systematic and consistent process of education quality management implemented through the internal and external education quality assurance systems. 2. For the purposes of monitoring and evaluating the quality of formal education, the authorized state body in the field of education shall establish in its structure the Department for the Development of Education Quality, which shall operate on the principles of independence, autonomy and transparency. The Head of the Department shall be appointed to the position and dismissed from the position by the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers upon the submission of the head of the authorized state body in the field of education. 3. For the purposes of obtaining reliable, complete and objective information on the quality of education in the Kyrgyz Republic, the authorized state body in the field of education shall monitor the quality of education through regular collection, storage, processing and analysis of data on the most significant characteristics of the quality of education in the Kyrgyz Republic. 4. The authorized body in the field of education shall organize the assessment of the quality of formal education for compliance with state educational standards and (or) international educational programs in which the Kyrgyz Republic is a participant. The assessment of the quality of education is carried out by independent experts or organizations on the basis of a system of random testing and (or) other assessment procedures. The procedure for conducting random testing and assessing the quality of education for compliance with state educational standards and (or) international educational programs is approved by the Cabinet of Ministers. 5. The results of monitoring and assessing the quality of formal education are used to formulate state policy in the field of education, take timely measures to improve the quality of education, including providing recommendations and assistance to educational organizations to achieve higher indicators of the quality of education. The results of monitoring and assessing the quality of education are not grounds for applying disciplinary measures. The results of monitoring and assessing the quality of formal education (except for personal data) are public information. 6. The procedure for determining the rating of educational organizations and programs, assessing the achievements of students are established by the authorized state body in the field of education. 7. The Department for the Development of Education Quality establishes the procedure for certifying the authenticity of educational documents issued in the Kyrgyz Republic, and also recognizes the authenticity of educational documents issued abroad.
1. General education is implemented within the framework of successive educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education. 2. Primary general, basic general and secondary general education are compulsory levels of education for all citizens of the Kyrgyz Republic. 3. The state ensures the implementation of the right of citizens to receive free primary general, basic general and secondary general education at the level of the state educational standard. 4. Admission of children to state and municipal general educational organizations is carried out in the manner determined by the Cabinet of Ministers. 5. Primary general education is aimed at developing the child's personality, functional literacy, communication skills in the state and official languages. 6. Basic general education is aimed at developing functional literacy in the student, modern competencies in educational and cognitive activities, cultural and value guidelines and the desire for self-education. Students who have completed the primary general education program are admitted to the educational program of basic general education. 7. Secondary general education is the final stage of general education and is aimed at applying acquired skills in everyday life, developing specialized abilities, interests of the student, specialized training, forming a choice of further professional development and career. Graduates of basic general education are admitted to the educational program of secondary general education. 8. Persons who have received basic general education, in case of unwillingness to continue their education in the secondary general education program, are required to study in the programs of primary vocational or secondary vocational education. The state creates conditions for continuing education in the programs of primary or secondary vocational education for persons who have received basic general education. 9. Taking into account the maximum permissible academic load, a five-day school week is established in general education organizations, regardless of the form of ownership. 10. The state promotes the creation of digital textbooks and teaching and methodological complexes. 11. For the purposes of early professional training of students, the state promotes the introduction of a system of specialized training in general education organizations. 12. The state promotes the participation of the Kyrgyz Republic in international studies on the assessment of educational achievements.
1. Educational organizations implementing vocational education programs shall carry out their activities in the manner determined by the Cabinet of Ministers. Professional training shall be carried out in accordance with the national qualification system. 2. The following levels of vocational education shall be established in the Kyrgyz Republic: 1) primary vocational education; 2) secondary vocational education; 3) higher vocational education; 4) postgraduate higher vocational education. 3. In educational organizations of primary, secondary, and higher vocational education, it is permitted to create integrated educational organizations (training and production complexes, business incubators, start-ups, technology parks, including training and scientific production complexes, training and production plants, centers of excellence, enterprises based on workshops and laboratories) that carry out continuous vocational training, including on-the-job training. 4. Educational organizations of vocational education may be assigned a special status or the status of a research institute (university). The status is assigned by a decree of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. The procedure for assigning and revoking the status is approved by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic. 5. Educational organizations implementing vocational education programs are required to provide access to teaching aids for students with disabilities by providing them free of charge in electronic format, on audio media or textbooks published in Braille. 6. Educational organizations assess the quality of vocational education through mechanisms for monitoring employment, income levels of their graduates, participation in ratings and accreditation results.
1. Higher professional education is aimed at training, retraining bachelors, masters and specialists on the basis of secondary general, primary, secondary and higher vocational education and is aimed at acquiring professional knowledge, skills and developing social and personal competencies in accordance with the national qualifications system. Higher professional education programs are implemented by educational organizations of higher professional education. The master's training program can be implemented by research institutes of the National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic jointly with educational organizations of higher professional education of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2. Admission to educational organizations of higher professional education is carried out on a competitive basis based on the results of nationwide testing, which is conducted by non-governmental non-profit organizations specializing in independent assessment in the field of education. The threshold scores of the nationwide testing for admission to educational organizations of higher professional education are established annually by the authorized state body in the field of education. 3. Persons who have completed the program of primary and secondary vocational education have the right to continue their education in the profile in educational organizations of higher vocational education without passing the nationwide testing. 4. Persons who have completed their education in educational programs of higher vocational education are awarded a degree/qualification in the relevant area/specialty in accordance with the national qualifications framework. 5. Persons with secondary vocational education in the relevant profile, as well as persons with higher vocational education, can receive higher vocational education in accelerated educational programs. 6. The list of areas and specialties of higher vocational education, the standard terms for mastering educational programs, the form and procedure for their implementation are determined by the Cabinet of Ministers.
1. Postgraduate professional education is aimed at training scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel with the assignment of academic degrees of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)/doctor in the profile, candidate and doctor of science, as well as the implementation of specialized medical education programs (residency). 2. Training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, as a rule, is carried out through applicant programs, postgraduate studies (adjunct), doctoral studies and basic doctoral studies (PhD/in the profile), created in educational organizations of higher professional education and scientific institutions. 3. Academic degrees of candidate of science and doctor of science are awarded by the state certification body on the basis of a petition of the dissertation council, accepted based on the results of the public defense of the dissertation by the applicant. The academic degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)/doctor in the profile is awarded in the manner established by the Cabinet of Ministers. 4. The procedure for organizing postgraduate professional education is determined by the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic in the field of education. 5. The academic titles of senior research fellow, associate professor, professor are awarded by the state certification body based on the decision of the academic (scientific and technical) council of the educational organization of higher professional education (research institute) on the submission for awarding the academic title.
1. Supplementary education is aimed at developing a person as an individual, in accordance with his or her inclinations and interests, and is carried out outside the framework of formal education. Supplementary education includes: 1) supplementary education for children; 2) supplementary education for adults; 3) supplementary vocational education. 2. Supplementary education is provided by educational organizations of any type, regardless of their form of ownership, or by individuals (individual entrepreneurs) providing supplementary education services. Supplementary educational programs are developed and approved by educational organizations and individuals (individual entrepreneurs) independently. 3. The list, procedure, and conditions for the provision of supplementary educational programs financed from the republican budget are determined by the Cabinet of Ministers. 4. Supplementary education may be provided on a fee-paying basis in accordance with the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic. 5. The conditions, amounts, and procedure for paying for supplementary educational services of private educational organizations and individuals (individual entrepreneurs) are determined by them independently. 6. Educational programs of additional professional education are developed taking into account professional knowledge, skills and qualification requirements in accordance with the national qualifications system.