Date of publication:

01/08/2026

Somalia

Do domestic laws and policies establish measures to provide protection and assistance to victims of trafficking?

ANALYSIS

Assessment by population

Assessment by population
IDPs
Refugees
Asylum-seekers
Analysis

The Federal Government of Somalia and the Somaliland administration recognize the heightened vulnerability of forcibly displaced and stateless persons to trafficking, violence, and exploitation, and have enacted legal frameworks that explicitly prohibit trafficking in persons and mandate state intervention for victim protection. Both jurisdictions have established provisions requiring government agencies to identify, assist, and protect victims of trafficking through coordinated efforts with law enforcement and humanitarian actors. Specialized units within relevant ministries and security institutions work to ensure that survivors have access to legal remedies, medical and psychosocial support, and rehabilitation services. In addition to response measures, preventive strategies are also in place, including public awareness campaigns, community outreach, and border monitoring initiatives designed to reduce the risk of trafficking and exploitation. These measures reflect a commitment to upholding international standards such as the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol), and to ensuring the safety and dignity of vulnerable displaced populations across both Somalia and Somaliland.

    LAW & POLICY

    Related provisions of domestic law or policy

    Constitution of Somalia
    • Year: 2012
    • Type: Domestic law
    • Rights Category: Asylum, Education, Freedom of movement, Health, Housing, land & property, Liberty & security of person, Nationality & facilitated naturalization, Social protection, Work & Workplace rights, Family life, Documentation
    • Link to external source: https://www.refworld.org/legal/legislation/natlegbod/2012/en/97615

    Legal provision

    Article 15.2 - Liberty and Security of the Person

    Every person has the right to personal security, this includes: the prohibition of illegal detention, all forms of violence, including any form of violence against women, torture, or inhumane treatment.

    Puntland Refugee Protection Law
    • Year: 2016
    • Type: Domestic law
    • Rights Category: Asylum, Education, Freedom of movement, Health, Housing, land & property, Liberty & security of person, Nationality & facilitated naturalization, Social protection, Work & Workplace rights, Family life, Documentation

    Legal provision

    Article 20 - Duties of the Director

    The Director shall take measures to ensure the protection of women refugees, refugee children elderly refugees and other persons with specific needs requiring special protection.

    National Policy on Refugee-Returnees and internally Displaced Persons
    • Year: 2019
    • Type: Domestic policy
    • Rights Category: Asylum, Education, Freedom of movement, Health, Housing, land & property, Liberty & security of person, Nationality & facilitated naturalization, Social protection, Work & Workplace rights, Family life, Documentation
    • Link to external source: https://www.refworld.org/policy/strategy/natlegbod/2019/en/122553

    Legal provision

    Principle 3.2 - Protection during displacement

    Refugee-returnees and IDPs shall be protected from discriminatory and arbitrary arrests and detentions because of their displacement status

    Somalia Refugees and Asylum Seekers Law
    • Year: 2023
    • Type: Domestic law
    • Rights Category: Asylum, Education, Freedom of movement, Health, Housing, land & property, Liberty & security of person, Social protection, Work & Workplace rights, Family life, Documentation

    Legal provision

    Article 22: Special Protection for Vulnerable Persons

    1. The Agency shall take the necessary measures to protect the rights of asylum seekers and refugees in accordance with this law, national laws, and international human rights regulations that the Federal Republic of Somalia adheres to. 2. While carrying out its obligations under this law, the Federal Government shall make special efforts to protect the interests of vulnerable persons, including women, unaccompanied children, separated children, the elderly, persons with disabilities, and other vulnerable individuals who have specific needs requiring special protection.

    Article 17: Right to Equality and Non-Discrimination

    1. All persons are equal before the law and have the right to equal protection without discrimination. 2. Without prejudice to Paragraph (1), asylum seekers and refugees must not be subjected to direct or indirect discrimination on any grounds, including age, race, color, gender, disability, region, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.

    Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons Bill
    • Year: 2021
    • Type: Domestic law
    • Rights Category: Education, Freedom of movement, Health, Housing, land & property, Social protection, Work & Workplace rights, Family life, Documentation

    Legal provision

    Article 11 - Protection and Assistance

    1. The National Commission for Refugees and IDPs shall: a) Provide protection and assistance, including providing sustainable solutions, to all internally displaced persons and communities affected by displacement, regardless of the cause and location of displacement. b) Provide protection and assistance, including providing sustainable solutions, to all internally displaced persons without discrimination as to any type of displacement as stipulated in Article 11 of the Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia, such as gender (male, female), political or any other affiliation, country of origin, legal, social status, age, disability, nationality, or due to displacement, or any other similar condition , as per Principle 4(1) of the Guiding Principles and Article 9(1)(a) of the Kampala Convention. c) Ensure special protection for internally displaced persons who have special needs, including children, especially unaccompanied children, pregnant mothers, mothers with young children, women responsible for families, people with disabilities, and the elderly, in accordance with Principle 4 (2) of the Guiding Principles. d) Work with relevant government institutions to ensure that anyone found guilty of an offense under this Act does not escape justice

    Article 12 - Protective Measures

    1. The National Commission for Refugees and IDPs shall take measures to protect internally displaced persons during displacement, in accordance with Principles 10 to 23 of the Guiding Principles and Article 9 of the Kampala Convention. The National Commission for Refugees and IDPs shall take specific measures to protect the right of the internally displaced persons: a) To seek safety elsewhere in the Federal Republic of Somalia. b) To not be forcibly returned or resettled to a place where their safety, liberty, or health may be at risk, in accordance with Principle 15 (a) (d) of the Guiding Principles and Article 9 (2) (e) of the Kampala Convention. c) To protect Internally Displaced Persons from rape and other related abuses, maiming, child recruitment in conflict areas, forced labor, and human trafficking and smuggling