Bangladesh is not a state party to the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol and does not have national legislation or policy framework on asylum. As such the question regarding fair and efficient domestic asylum procedures is not directly relevant.  

 Rohingyas who arrived in the 1990s and members of their families are the only profile the Government of Bangladesh considers as “refugees” following joint registration by the Government of Bangladesh and UNHCR, and an RSD-like process conducted in 1998/99 known as the Individual Family Questionnaire (IFQ). The Rohingyas who arrived in Bangladesh in subsequent influxes were not registered by the Government of Bangladesh until the latest influx of August 2017.  Those previously unregistered and those who arrived in the influx of August 2017 were registered, in a joint registration exercise under the provisions of the 2018 UNHCR-Government of Bangladesh Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the Exchange of Personal Data of Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals/Refugees. The Government of Bangladesh identifies this group as Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) while UNHCR identifies them (like those who arrived previously) as refugees. 

 Without national asylum legislation, UNHCR can conduct mandate Refugee Status Determination (RSD) for non-Rohingya asylum-seekers, following internal core standards and procedures as presented in UNHCR’s Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status. The Government of Bangladesh (GoB) does not officially recognize the legal status of non-Rohingya asylum-seekers and refugees registered or recognized under UNHCR’s mandate.