San Marino is a landlocked microstate surrounded by Italy, situated on the northeastern side of the Apennine Peninsula. Forcibly displaced in San Marino have historically been very few. Refugees and asylum-seekers—occasionally arriving via Italy—reside within urban communities in and around the capital rather than in formal camps or settlements. Their access to housing, healthcare and other services is arranged under prevailing immigration and civil-residency provisions, with no specialized reception facilities. Stateless individuals, likewise few in number, live dispersed alongside other foreign-national communities and hold temporary identity documents under ordinary administrative rules.

Accession to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol has not yet occurred, and no domestic legislation establishes procedures for refugee status determination or appeal. Individuals seeking protection are referred to the regional office under UNHCR’s mandate, with recognition and protection decisions made extraterritorially rather than through national law. Draft proposals to adopt a national asylum framework have been tabled but remain unadopted, leaving procedural safeguards and rights of asylum-seekers without statutory basis.