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On a practical level, recognition as a person before the law is a necessary prerequisite to the enjoyment of all other individual rights, since without legal existence, those rights may not be asserted by a person within the domestic legal order. It is also fundamentally inseparable from the recognition to the inherent dignity of the human person from which all human rights stem.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ECivil status generally refers to a person\u0027s existence, including birth and death, legal capacity in a society, including the capacity to sign contracts and age of majority, family rights, such as, marital status, and succession. This information should normally be recorded in a country\u2019s civil registration system. \u202fCivil registration and the possession of appropriate documentation is often a precondition for enjoyment and exercise of other rights, such as obtaining employment, housing, health care and social benefits, as well as attending educational and other public institutions. Therefore, it is a major tool for protection and solutions as recognised by the Global Compact on Refugees and the IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for IDPs. Additionally, birth registration helps establish legal identity and prevent the risk of statelessness.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EIn compliance with international law, States have an obligation to protect the rights of refugees with regards to their personal legal status according to the Refugee Convention. All refugees on the State\u2019s territory, including asylum-seekers, have the right to be issued identity papers. Refugees\u2019 right to identity documents includes both the requirement that States ensure that refugees have proof of their identity (in the absence of a valid travel document) and that States assist them in establishing their identity in the absence of (the possibility to) obtaining documents from their country of origin. Identity documentation certifies a refugee\u2019s identity and is not necessarily proof of the formal basis, lawfulness or duration of the refugee\u2019s presence on the territory.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThe Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (Principle 20) reiterate that every human being, including the IDPs, \u201chas the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law\u201d. Principle 20(2) stipulates that the competent authorities shall issue all necessary documents (including travel documents, identity documents or other civil documentations such as birth certificates) to IDPs (see also Article 13 of the Kampala Convention). This is essential as many IDPs lose their documentation during their displacement or face obstacles to its issuance or renewal and, as a result, are unable to exercise their rights.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EThe issuance of identity and birth documents must be done in a way that reflects the personal sense of identity of the individual. \u202fInternational human rights law protects the private life of an individual (see UNDH, Article 12). Guiding Principle 20(3) provides that the issuance of documentation should be done in a non-discriminatory manner between women and men and should reflect the individual identity of each person. Likewise, the right of the refugee to his or her own individual and family name should also be guaranteed. \u202fThe State may not override a refugee\u2019s name and key features of his or her identity, for example by substituting a local naming practice. \u202fThe failure of the State to recognise the gender identity of a refugee could constitute discrimination.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003ETravel documents support the freedom of movement of refugees and can facilitate solutions. This allows them to pursue education or work abroad, and to seek possibilities for family unity, further strengthening their self-reliance and resilience. Moreover, access to travel documents facilitates the safe and regular movement of refugees, and thereby reduces the risk of irregular movement. Contracting States may not refuse to issue a travel document to refugees for the purpose of travelling abroad \u0022unless compelling reasons of national security or public order otherwise require\u0022 (Article 28 of the Refugee Convention). In June 2015, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Council adopted a specific standard (ICAO Standard 3.12) for Convention Travel Documents to be issued in machine-readable format (MRCTDs). This new standard became applicable to all States parties to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (\u201cChicago Convention\u201d). The new standard became applicable to all States parties to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (\u201cChicago Convention\u201d).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch5\u003ECivil documentation\u003C\/h5\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOverview\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInternational human rights law recognizes a right to recognition as a person before the law. On a practical level, recognition as a person before the law is foundational to the enjoyment of all rights, since without legal existence those rights may not be asserted by a person within the domestic legal order. It is also fundamentally inseparable from the recognition to \u2018the inherent dignity of the human person\u2019 from which all human rights stem.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EStates have an obligation to protect the rights of refugees with regards to their personal legal status according the Refugee Convention. Civil status generally refers to a person\u0027s existence, including birth and death, legal capacity in a society, including the capacity to sign contracts and age of majority, family rights, such as, marital status, and succession. This information should normally be recorded in a country\u2019s civil registration system. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECivil registration and the possession of appropriate documentation is often a precondition for enjoyment of other rights, such as obtaining employment, housing, health care and social benefits, as well as attending educational and other public institutions and registering births, marriages and deaths. The Global Compact on Refugees recognizes that civil and birth registration helps States to have accurate information about the persons living on their territory, and is a major tool for protection and solutions, including for refugee women, girls and others with specific needs. Birth registration helps establish legal identity and prevent the risk of stateless\u00acness.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAll refugees on the State\u2019s territory, including asylum-seekers, have the right to be issued identity papers Refugees\u2019 right to identity documents includes both the requirement that States ensure that refugees have proof of their identity (in the absence of a valid travel document) and that States assist them in establishing their identity in the absence of (the possibility to) obtaining documents from their country of origin. Identity documentation certifies a refugee\u2019s identity and is not necessarily proof of the formal basis, lawfulness or duration of the refugee\u2019s presence on the territory.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe issuance of identity and birth documents must be done in a way that reflects the personal sense of identity of the individual refugee. \u0026nbsp;International human rights law protects the \u201cprivate life\u201d of an individual, including the right of the refugee to his or her own individual and family name. \u0026nbsp;The State may not override a refugee\u2019s name and key features of his or her identity, for example by substituting a local naming practice. \u0026nbsp;The failure of the State to recognise the gender identity of a refugee could constitute a discrimination.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETravel documents support the freedom of movement of refugees and can facilitate solutions. This allows them to pursue education or work abroad, and to seek possibilities for family unity, further strengthening their self-reliance and resilience. Moreover, access to travel documents facilitates the safe and regular movement of refugees, and thereby reduces the risk of irregular movement. Contracting States may not refuse to issue a travel document to refugees for the purpose of travelling abroad \u0022unless compelling reasons of national security or public order otherwise require\u0022.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn June 2015, the ICAO Council (International Civil Aviation Organization) adopted a specific standard (ICAO Standard 3.12) for Convention Travel Documents to be issued in machine-readable format (MRCTDs). This new standard became applicable to all States parties to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (\u201cChicago Convention\u201d).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","dialogOptions":{"dialogClass":"general-guidance-popup","width":"50%","modal":true,"title":"General guidance related to this right category","classes":{"ui-dialog":"general-guidance-popup"}}}]